Kraken Exchange
- MiCA-authorised by CBI (Ireland)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 25 June 2025
Crypto.com Exchange
- MiCA-authorised by MFSA (Malta)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 27 January 2025
OKX Exchange
- MiCA-authorised by MFSA (Malta)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 27 January 2025
Bit2Me Exchange
- MiCA-authorised by CNMV (Spain)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 31 October 2025
bitFlyer Europe Exchange
- MiCA-authorised by CSSF (Luxembourg)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 26 June 2026
Bitpanda Broker app
- MiCA-authorised by FMA (Austria)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 9 April 2025
Bitvavo Exchange
- MiCA-authorised by AFM (Netherlands)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 26 June 2025
eToro Broker app
- MiCA-authorised by CySEC (Cyprus)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 16 January 2025
SwissBorg Broker app
- MiCA-authorised by AMF (France)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 5 March 2026
Revolut Broker app
- MiCA-authorised by CySEC (Cyprus)
- Passported to 29 EEA countries
- Authorised 20 October 2025
Bitstamp Exchange
- MiCA-authorised by CSSF (Luxembourg)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 15 May 2025
Blockchain.com Broker app
- MiCA-authorised by MFSA (Malta)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 22 October 2025
Trade Republic Broker app
- MiCA-authorised by BaFin (Germany)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 28 April 2025
Coinmotion Broker app
- MiCA-authorised by FIN-FSA (Finland)
- Passported to 2 EEA countries
- Authorised 2 July 2025
Gate EU Exchange
- MiCA-authorised by MFSA (Malta)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 29 September 2025
Robinhood Broker app
- MiCA-authorised by LSC (Lithuania)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 29 May 2025
Bybit EU Exchange
- MiCA-authorised by FMA (Austria)
- Passported to 29 EEA countries
- Authorised 28 May 2025
Northcrypto Broker app
- MiCA-authorised by FIN-FSA (Finland)
- Passported to 3 EEA countries
- Authorised 25 November 2025
Coinbase Exchange
- MiCA-authorised by CSSF (Luxembourg)
- Passported to 30 EEA countries
- Authorised 20 June 2025
Backpack EU Exchange
- MiCA-authorised by Latvijas Banka (Latvia)
- Passported to 29 EEA countries
- Authorised 27 May 2026
Crypto-assets are high-risk and you can lose all the money you invest. Exchanges are ranked by the Reliability Score, and partners get no boost. Fees and terms change, so the exchange's own terms apply. Links marked as partner links are affiliate links. Crypto risks explained
How crypto exchange reviews are built
- Register facts: EU entity, LEI, regulator, home state, authorisation date, services and passport, read from ESMA's register.
- Provider facts: fees, payment methods, products and security features from the provider's own pages, with links.
- Identity checks: how the provider verifies customers (KYC), with a link to its own description.
- Score: the Reliability Score, part by part, with the basis for each part.
What every one of our crypto exchange reviews contains
| Block | Content |
|---|---|
| Score breakdown | Six parts and the total |
| MiCA authorisation | Entity, LEI, regulator, date, services, passport |
| Company | Group, founding year, registered address |
| Fees | Maker, taker, instant buy, card, spread |
| Payments | Euro deposit and withdrawal methods |
| Coins and products | Staking, recurring buy, crypto withdrawals, apps |
| Account security | Two-factor authentication, allow-list, proof of reserves |
| Terms check | Clauses found, or "not yet reviewed" |
| Availability | Countries notified, and your location |
Why some crypto exchange reviews are not yet published
A review is published only when enough facts have been verified from the provider's own website.
Some providers' websites block automated checking, and we do not try to get around such blocks, so those reviews follow once the facts have been checked by hand.
The exchanges still appear in lists with their register facts, because those come from ESMA.
Crypto exchange reviews compared
| Exchange | Type | Regulator | EEA countries | Maker / taker | Proof of reserves |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kraken | Exchange | CBI | 30 | 0.40% / 0.80% | Yes |
| Crypto.com | Exchange | MFSA | 30 | – | Yes |
| OKX | Exchange | MFSA | 30 | – | Yes |
| Bit2Me | Exchange | CNMV | 30 | – | – |
| bitFlyer Europe | Exchange | CSSF | 30 | 0.10% / 0.10% | – |
| Bitpanda | Broker app | FMA | 30 | – | – |
| Bitvavo | Exchange | AFM | 30 | – | Yes |
| eToro | Broker app | CySEC | 30 | – | – |
| SwissBorg | Broker app | AMF | 30 | – | Yes |
| Revolut | Broker app | CySEC | 29 | 0% (Revolut X) / 0.09% (Revolut X) | – |
| Bitstamp | Exchange | CSSF | 30 | 0.30% / 0.40% | – |
| Blockchain.com | Broker app | MFSA | 30 | – | – |
| Trade Republic | Broker app | BaFin | 30 | – | – |
| Coinmotion | Broker app | FIN-FSA | 2 | – | – |
| Gate EU | Exchange | MFSA | 30 | 0.1% / 0.1% | – |
| Robinhood | Broker app | LSC | 30 | – | – |
| Bybit EU | Exchange | FMA | 29 | 0.25% / 0.25% | – |
| Northcrypto | Broker app | FIN-FSA | 3 | 1.0% / 1.0% | – |
| Coinbase | Exchange | CSSF | 30 | – | – |
| Backpack EU | Exchange | Latvijas Banka | 29 | – | Yes |
Register facts from ESMA and provider facts checked on each provider's own website. A dash means not yet verified.
What our crypto exchange reviews will not contain
- Invented tests, user ratings or complaint counts.
- Scores bought by partners.
- Promises of returns or coin recommendations.
How to read crypto exchange reviews on this site
Each of our crypto exchange reviews starts with the score block, which shows the six parts of the Reliability Score and the points for each.
A feature marked "Not confirmed" could not be confirmed from a public source; it earns no points, but it does not mean the feature is missing.
The MiCA block comes next, and its facts are read directly from ESMA's register, with the download date shown.
Fees, payments, products and security follow, each with the provider's own page as the source.
The identity checks block shows how the provider verifies customers, with links to its verification guide and terms of use.
The availability block shows the countries in the exchange's passport notification and whether your own country is among them.
Each review ends with a list of what is still being verified, so you can see exactly where the gaps are.
Crypto exchange reviews: register facts compared
| Exchange | EU entity | Home state | MiCA authorised | MiCA services |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kraken | Payward Europe Solutions Limited | Ireland | 25 June 2025 | a, b, c, d, e, f, g, i, j |
| Crypto.com | Foris DAX MT Limited | Malta | 27 January 2025 | a, c, d, e, g, j |
| OKX | OKX Europe Limited | Malta | 27 January 2025 | a, b, c, d, e, f, g, i, j |
| Bit2Me | Bitcoinforme S.L. | Spain | 31 October 2025 | a, c, d, e, f, g, j |
| bitFlyer Europe | bitFlyer EUROPE S.A. | Luxembourg | 26 June 2026 | a, c, d, e, j |
| Bitpanda | Bitpanda GmbH | Austria | 9 April 2025 | a, c, d, e, f, g, j |
| Bitvavo | Bitvavo B.V. | Netherlands | 26 June 2025 | a, b, j |
| eToro | eToro (Europe) Ltd | Cyprus | 16 January 2025 | a, c, e, g, h, i, j |
| SwissBorg | BLOCKNODES SAS | France | 5 March 2026 | a, e, f, h, i, j |
| Revolut | Revolut Digital Assets (Europe) Ltd | Cyprus | 20 October 2025 | a, b, c, d, f, j |
| Bitstamp | Bitstamp Europe S.A. | Luxembourg | 15 May 2025 | a, b, c, d, e, g, j |
| Blockchain.com | Blockchain.com Operations (Malta) Limited | Malta | 22 October 2025 | a, c, d, e, j |
| Trade Republic | Trade Republic Bank GmbH | Germany | 28 April 2025 | a, e, g, j |
| Coinmotion | Coinmotion Oy | Finland | 2 July 2025 | a, c, e, j |
| Gate EU | Gate Technology Limited | Malta | 29 September 2025 | a, b, c, d, e, j |
| Robinhood | Robinhood Europe UAB | Lithuania | 29 May 2025 | a, e, g, j |
| Bybit EU | Bybit EU GmbH | Austria | 28 May 2025 | a, c, d, f, j |
| Northcrypto | NorthCrypto Oy | Finland | 25 November 2025 | a, e, g, j |
| Coinbase | Coinbase Luxembourg S.A. | Luxembourg | 20 June 2025 | a, c, d, e, f, g, j |
| Backpack EU | "Trek Technologies" SIA | Latvia | 27 May 2026 | a, c, d, e, j |
EU entity, home state, authorisation date and MiCA service codes (a–j) from ESMA's register. Codes: a custody, b trading platform, c exchange for funds, d crypto-to-crypto, e execution, f placing, g order routing, h advice, i portfolio management, j transfers.
What MiCA service codes mean in crypto exchange reviews
| Code | Service | Why it matters to you |
|---|---|---|
| a | Custody and administration | The provider may hold your coins |
| b | Trading platform | An order book where users trade with each other |
| c | Exchange for funds | Buying and selling crypto for euros |
| d | Exchange for other crypto | Swapping one coin for another |
| e | Execution of orders | Carrying out your orders, typical of brokers |
| f | Placing | Marketing crypto-assets for issuers |
| g | Reception and transmission | Passing orders to another venue |
| h | Advice | Personal recommendations, with suitability checks |
| i | Portfolio management | Managing crypto on your behalf |
| j | Transfer services | Sending crypto for you |
Service list from MiCA Article 3(1)(16).
Crypto exchange reviews and independence
Reviews are written to the same structure for every provider, whether or not it is a partner of the site.
Partners cannot see or change a review before it is published, and a partnership is never a reason to leave out a clause, a fee or a missing feature.
The affiliate disclosure explains how the site is funded.
Crypto exchange reviews: how often they change
Providers change fees, terms and products often, so each review is rechecked when a change comes to our attention and at least every six months.
Register facts are refreshed whenever a new copy of ESMA's file is downloaded.
If you notice an outdated fact, the contact page is the fastest way to tell us.
Frequently asked questions
How are crypto exchange reviews written on this site?
From ESMA's register and the provider's own documents, presented as fact blocks with sources, and scored with a published method.
Why do some exchanges have lower scores?
Because points are given only for facts confirmed from a public source, and features a provider does not document earn no points.
Does every listed exchange have a review?
Yes. Every exchange listed on this site has a review, and a provider is listed once its EU service is live and its key facts have been checked.
Do partners get better reviews?
No. Reviews and scores follow the same method for every exchange.
Can I suggest a correction to a review?
Yes, through the contact page, ideally with a source.
Every figure on this page is checked against the ESMA register, the exchange's own terms and fee pages or another primary source, and the sources are listed above. Editorial policy · How we rate